當(dāng)仁不讓
When Facing an Opportunity to Exercise Benevolence, Do Not Yield.
指面對正義之事，主動擔(dān)當(dāng)，不推讓。它弘揚(yáng)的是一種以道義或正義為己任、勇于擔(dān)當(dāng)、勇于踐行的主體精神。
This phrase means that one should behave ethically and never dodge one’s responsibility. It promotes a positive attitude that takes safeguarding morality and justice as one’s own responsibility and dares to shoulder and execute that responsibility.
▌引例
子曰：“當(dāng)仁不讓于師?！?/span>（《論語·衛(wèi)靈公》）
Confucius said, “When faced with an opportunity to be benevolent, one should not yield even to one’s own teacher.”
見義勇為
Act Bravely for a Just Cause
指遇見合乎道義的事情，就勇敢地去做。這一優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)是堅(jiān)持道義和勇于擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)姆瞰I(xiàn)精神的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一。
This term refers to a person acting courageously to do what is righteous. This fine tradition establishes that a man should be committed to upholding justice and shouldering social responsibility.
▌引例
見義不為，無勇也。 （《論語·為政》）
One who knows what is right but takes no action is lacking in courage.
舍生取義
Give One’s Life to Uphold Righteousness
舍棄生命以保全道義。出自《孟子》。孟子認(rèn)為，“義”是人之所以為人的本質(zhì)特征之一，舍“義”而不足以為人。
This belief is advocated by Mencius. He holds that upholding righteousness is an essential attribute of a dignified man, and without it one would lose his moral standing.
生命固然可貴，但生存卻并不是人之所以為人的目的或意義。因此，當(dāng)保全生命與堅(jiān)守道義發(fā)生沖突的時(shí)候，人不應(yīng)背義茍活，而應(yīng)犧牲生命以捍衛(wèi)道義。
Life is precious, but survival should not be the only thing that is important in life. When one faces a choice between saving life and upholding righteousness, he should give life to uphold righteousness.
▌引例
生亦我所欲也，義亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍生而取義者也。（《孟子·告子上》）
Both life and righteousness are important to me. However, if I cannot have both, I will give my life so as to uphold righteousness.
天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)
Survival of a Nation Is the Responsibility of Every Individual.
指天下的興盛與衰亡，即便是普通百姓也有義不容辭的責(zé)任。這句名言在近代以來不斷激發(fā)著中國人的愛國主義精神。
This household phrase means ordinary people also share responsibility for the fate of the country. Ever since, this saying has had tremendous influence in arousing the patriotic spirit among the people of China.
▌引例
今欲國恥之一灑（xǐ），其在我輩之自新......夫我輩則多矣，欲盡人而自新，云胡可致？我勿問他人，問我而已。斯乃真顧亭林所謂“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”也。（梁啟超《痛定罪言》三）
The key to wiping out our country’s humiliation lies in our self-renewal... We have a large population, so it is impossible for every individual to achieve such self-renewal. We should do it ourselves whether or not others can also do it. This is just like what Gu Yanwu once said,“Survival of a nation is the responsibility of every individual.”
